Introduction In large EPC projects, especially those governed by FIDIC-based contracts, contractors are constantly required to balance two competing realities. On one hand, there is a genuine obligation to maintain high standards of health, safety, and environmental compliance. On the other hand, there is a growing tendency for employers and clients to use “HSE” as … Read more
Executive Summary Generative artificial intelligence (AI), including large language models (LLMs) and multimedia‑capable chatbots, are reshaping society and law. These systems can produce output that is creative, useful, controversial, or harmful. Central to legal and policy debates is whether AI tools themselves should be held liable for objectionable outputs, or whether liability should instead lie … Read more
In the world of international construction contracts, disputes are inevitable, even in the best-managed projects. The FIDIC Silver Book (2017 Edition) anticipates this reality and provides a clear framework for resolving disputes efficiently. At the heart of this framework lies Clause 21 — “Disputes and Arbitration.” Understanding this clause is critical for contract administrators, project … Read more