Comparative Study

Managing Vendor Delays After Purchase Order Issuance: A Practical Guide for Project and Contract Professionals

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Introduction In engineering, construction, and industrial procurement environments, delays from vendors after the issuance of a Purchase Order (PO) are not uncommon. However, what begins as a minor clarification or documentation issue can quickly evolve into a project risk affecting schedules, budgets, contractual obligations, and stakeholder relationships. Professionals responsible for procurement, contract administration, or project … Read more

When Vendors Delay—A Legal–Commercial Analysis with FIDIC and GCC Civil Code Perspectives

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Abstract Vendor delays in EPC projects are frequently treated as operational inefficiencies; however, their true impact lies in the legal and commercial exposure they create for contractors. This paper examines vendor delay through a structured analysis of procurement practices, supported by FIDIC risk allocation principles, real-world case patterns, and relevant provisions of the Oman and … Read more

The Hidden Cost of Procurement Failures in EPC Projects: Case Studies and FIDIC-Based Legal Insights

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Introduction In Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) projects, procurement is not a back-office function—it is a critical risk interface between design intent and physical execution. Among the various procurement risks, vendor delay remains one of the most persistent and underestimated threats. A typical scenario—advance payment released against a proforma invoice, followed by repeated assurances but … Read more

Email Disclaimers in Construction and Corporate Communication: Legal Myth, Practical Reality, and Strategic Use in a FIDIC and GCC Context

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Abstract Email disclaimers are a standard feature of modern corporate communication, yet their legal significance remains widely misunderstood—particularly in construction and EPC environments governed by formal contractual regimes such as FIDIC. This paper critically examines the legal status of email disclaimers through the lens of English common law, GCC civil law systems (with specific reference … Read more

Mastering Force Majeure under FIDIC Silver Book 2017: A Practical Professional Handbook

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Table of Contents 1. Introduction In international construction projects, unforeseen events can severely affect contractual performance, timelines, and costs. Force Majeure (termed Exceptional Events under FIDIC Silver Book 2017) provides a legal and procedural mechanism to relieve parties from liability when extraordinary events prevent or delay performance. This handbook offers a comprehensive guide to Force … Read more

Corporate Structures in the Sultanate of Oman

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Introduction Selecting the appropriate legal structure is one of the most consequential strategic decisions a business makes in the Sultanate of Oman. The choice determines governance mechanisms, liability exposure, capital flexibility, regulatory burden, and long-term scalability. Despite the apparent simplicity of acronyms such as LLC, SAOC, and SAOG, the underlying legal and operational distinctions are … Read more

Scenario Planning for Legal and Regulatory Risk

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Executive Summary Legal and regulatory environments are increasingly volatile, fragmented, and shaped by rapid technological advancement. Traditional compliance models—based on static rules, jurisdiction-specific checklists, and incremental regulatory change—are no longer sufficient. They leave institutions vulnerable to blind spots, compliance failures, and governance challenges. This white paper argues that scenario planning provides a robust method for … Read more

Copyright Ownership in the Age of Generative AI

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Executive Summary The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has raised fundamental questions about copyright ownership, authorship, and enforceability. Individuals and institutions increasingly rely on AI systems—such as large language models and image synthesis tools—to draft text, generate images, and assist with research. Yet, copyright law in most jurisdictions remains grounded in the concept … Read more

Blockchain Records as Immutable Evidence — Why Legal Ownership Still Requires More Proof

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Blockchain technology is often described as providing “immutable” and “tamper-proof” records of transactions. This immutability, grounded in cryptographic consensus mechanisms, allows blockchain entries to function as highly reliable evidence of digital activity. However, while blockchain records are powerful evidentiary tools, they do not in themselves establish legal ownership or title in the traditional sense. Ownership, … Read more

Global Data Privacy Laws — Navigating the Complex Legal Landscape

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Introduction: In an era where data is often termed the “new oil,” the protection of personal information has become paramount. Governments worldwide have enacted stringent data privacy laws to safeguard individuals’ personal data and ensure its responsible use. These regulations not only aim to protect citizens but also to foster trust in digital ecosystems. This … Read more