Procurement Risk

When Noise Becomes a Contractual Risk: Rethinking Acoustic Performance in Industrial Projects

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Introduction In industrial projects, noise is often treated as a secondary engineering parameter—something to be checked late in the design process or addressed only when regulatory approvals demand it. However, in practice, acoustic performance can evolve into a significant contractual and commercial risk, particularly in EPC and design-build projects. Disputes over noise requirements are rarely … Read more

When Vendors Delay—A Legal–Commercial Analysis with FIDIC and GCC Civil Code Perspectives

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Abstract Vendor delays in EPC projects are frequently treated as operational inefficiencies; however, their true impact lies in the legal and commercial exposure they create for contractors. This paper examines vendor delay through a structured analysis of procurement practices, supported by FIDIC risk allocation principles, real-world case patterns, and relevant provisions of the Oman and … Read more